Feral pigs (Sus scrofa)
Range: Hawaiʻi island, Maui, Molokaʻi, Oʻahu, Kauaiʻi
Region of origin: Eurasia
Date of first introduction: 1000 to 1200 AD (arrival of Polynesians)
Average size: 45 kg to 70 kg
Litter frequency: 1 to 2 litters per year
Litter size: 5 to 6 piglets
Home range: 0.11 km2 to 0.86km2 (Hawaii); 0.3 km2 to 2.1 km2 (New Zealand); 4.6 km2 to 6.1 km2 (Mainland US)
Diet: Tree ferns, fruits, earthworms, small vertebrates
Feral Goats (Capra hircus)
Range: Hawaiʻi Island, Maui, Molokaʻi, Oʻahu, Kauaiʻi
Region of origin: Europe
Date of first introduction: 1778 (Niʻihau), ~1778 (Hawaiʻi island)
Average size: 25 kg to 55 kg
Litter frequency: 1 to 2 per year
Litter size: 1 to 2 (twinning common)
Home range: 0.4 km2 to 5.4 km2* (Aldabra island)
Diet: Indiscriminate plant generalists
*Data obtained from studies outside of Hawaiʻi
Black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus)
Range: Kauaʻi
Region of origin: Continental United States (Oregon)
Date of first introduction: 1961 (35 individuals introduced to Kauaʻi)
Average size: Female - 35 to 45kg, Male - 45 to 65kg*
Litter frequency: 1 litter per year*
Litter size: 1 to 2 (twinning common, triplets rare)*
Home range: 30 ha to 13,850 ha*
Diet: Broadleafs, ferns, and fruits
*Data obtained from studies outside of Hawaiʻi
Axis Deer (Axis axis)
Hawaiʻi range: Molokaʻi, Lānaʻi, Maui
Region of origin: India
Date of first introduction: 1867 (Molokaʻi), between 1868 to 1898 (Oʻahu), 1920 (Lānaʻi), 1959 (Maui)
Average size: Female - 45 kg, Male - 72 kg
Litter frequency: 1 litter per year
Litter size: 1 fawn (twinning rare)
Home range: 0.6 to 1 km2
Diet: Opportunistic grazer on vegetation
Mouflon Sheep (Ovis gmelini musimon)
Current Range: Hawaiʻi Island and Lānaʻi
Region of origin: Europe
Date of first introduction: 1954 (Lānaʻi), 1957 (Hawaiʻi Island), 1958 (Kauaʻi)
Average size:
Litter frequency:
Litter size:
Home range:
Diet:
Feral Sheep (Ovis aries)
Current Range: Hawaiʻi Island
Region of origin: Europe
Date of first introduction: 1791 (Kauaʻi), 1793 (Hawaiʻi island)
Average size:
Litter frequency:
Litter size:
Home range:
Diet: